> Good evening everyone.
Today we’re going to talk about Effects of Flight Controls – One.
Our aim today is to understand the effects of flight controls during flight, how to select and maintain attitude, and finally, how to trim the aircraft correctly.
> Let’s start by learning how to maintain our attitude.
Because in flight, we always rely on one main visual reference — the horizon
> What is the horizon?
> Exactly — it’s an imaginary line where the sky meets the ground.
> If you look at the canopy, you’ll notice it’s divided into two parts — right and left — and in the middle, you’ll find the compass.
When we’re flying straight and level, the compass cuts the horizon into two equal parts — above and below.
> We can use our fingers as a visual guide — for example, two or three fingers between the nose and the horizon.
This will change depending on your seating position, so you adjust that at the beginning of the flight.
This visual reference between the nose and the horizon is called the Datum Attitude.
> You’ll see the word Airmanship in every brief.
Does anyone know what it means?
it’s the skill and discipline of flying.
Flying is not just science — it’s also an art.
> As part of good airmanship, we also need to discuss Lookout.
How do we do an effective lookout?
> We scan from right — above and below the horizon,
front — above and below the horizon,
and then left — above and below the horizon — and confirm that it’s clear.
> Why do we need to look out during VFR flight?
→ To avoid any possible traffic around us, and to check our attitude against the horizon.
Take-over, Hand-over, and Follow-through
> Now before we move to the main exercise, we must understand some key safety procedures between instructor and student:
Take-over, Hand-over, and Follow-through.
> When I want to take control, I’ll say: “I have control.”
I place my right hand on the yoke, left hand on the throttle, and both feet on the pedals.
You, as a student, must confirm visually and say: “You have control.”
> When I give you control back, I’ll say: “You have control.”
You place your left hand on the yoke, right hand on the throttle, both feet on the pedals, and say: “I have control.”
> The third one is Follow-through — this means you’re not flying, you’re just feeling.
You lightly hold the yoke, throttle, and pedals without applying pressure, just to sense how the aircraft responds.
> Now that we understand good airmanship, let’s move to our main part — Flight Controls.
How many flight controls do we have?
> Exactly — three: Elevator, Ailerons, and Rudder.
> The Elevator is here.
We control it using the yoke.
> When I pull back, the elevator goes up, the tail is forced down, and the nose goes up — this is called Pitch Up.
When I push forward, the elevator goes down, the tail is forced up, and the nose goes down — Pitch Down.
> Relative to the horizon — if the nose rises above the horizon, you’re pitching up;
if it goes below, you’re pitching down.
> The Ai
